Standing 630 feet tall, The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is a striking symbol of American expansion and one of the most recognizable landmarks in the United States. Officially known as the Gateway to the West, this monument was constructed to commemorate the westward expansion of the United States and the pioneers who helped shape the nation. Today, The Gateway Arch is a historical monument and a popular tourist destination, offering breathtaking views of the Mississippi River and the city of St. Louis.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore The Gateway Arch‘s history, design, and significance, delve into the various attractions and activities available at the site, and provide practical tips for making the most of your visit. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique experience, this guide will help you discover everything you need to know about The Gateway Arch.
In this The Gateway Arch Guide, we’ll take a look at:
The History of The Gateway Arch
The Vision Behind The Gateway Arch
The idea for The Gateway Arch originated in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, as part of a larger effort to revitalize the riverfront area of St. Louis. The project was envisioned to honor the role of St. Louis as the “Gateway to the West,” celebrating the city’s historical significance in the westward expansion of the United States. The concept for the monument was further developed by local civic leaders, who sought to create a memorial that would symbolize American progress and the pioneering spirit.
In 1947, a nationwide competition was held to select a design for the monument. The winning design was submitted by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, who proposed a sleek, modern arch made of stainless steel. Saarinen’s design was chosen for its simplicity, elegance, and its ability to convey a sense of movement and progress.
Construction and Dedication
The construction of The Gateway Arch began in February 1963 and was completed in October 1965. The project faced numerous challenges, including the technical difficulty of constructing such a large and precise structure and financial constraints. However, the construction team completed the arch, officially dedicated on October 28, 1965.
The Gateway Arch was opened to the public on June 10, 1967. Since then, it has become a symbol of St. Louis and a popular tourist destination, attracting millions yearly visitors. The arch is now part of the Gateway Arch National Park, which includes the Old Courthouse and other historical sites related to the United States’ westward expansion.
Architectural Marvel: The Design of The Gateway Arch
Eero Saarinen’s Vision
Eero Saarinen’s design for The Gateway Arch was inspired by a catenary curve, which is the shape that a free-hanging chain or cable assumes when supported at its ends. This shape is aesthetically pleasing and structurally efficient, allowing the arch to support its own weight with minimal external support. The arch’s smooth, flowing lines and gleaming stainless steel surface make it a modernist masterpiece and a testament to Saarinen’s innovative approach to architecture.
Engineering Feats
Constructing The Gateway Arch was a significant engineering challenge. The arch is made of stainless steel, with a carbon steel core and reinforced concrete. Each leg of the arch is triangular in cross-section, tapering from 54 feet wide at the base to 17 feet wide at the top. The arch’s design required precise engineering and construction techniques to ensure the two legs met perfectly at the top.
The construction process involved raising prefabricated arch sections into place using cranes and then welding them together. The final piece of the arch was inserted on October 28, 1965, completing the structure. The accuracy required for the construction was remarkable, as the two legs of the arch were designed to meet with an error margin of less than half an inch.
Structural Resilience
The Gateway Arch was designed to withstand extreme weather conditions, including high winds and earthquakes. The arch can sway up to 18 inches in either direction during strong winds, which helps dissipate the wind’s force and prevent structural damage. The arch’s foundation extends 60 feet underground, providing stability and support.
The arch’s stainless steel exterior contributes to its sleek appearance and provides durability and corrosion resistance. This ensures that The Gateway Arch will continue to represent American ingenuity and resilience for future generations.
Visiting The Gateway Arch: Attractions and Activities
The Tram Ride to the Top
One of the most popular attractions at The Gateway Arch is the tram ride to the top. This unique experience allows visitors to ascend to the observation deck at the top of the arch to enjoy panoramic views of St. Louis, the Mississippi River, and the surrounding area. The observation deck is 630 feet above the ground, making it the highest point in St. Louis.
The tram system is a marvel of engineering in itself. Each tram has eight small, egg-shaped capsules, each holding up to five passengers. The capsules rotate as they ascend the curved legs of the arch, ensuring that passengers remain upright throughout the journey. The ride to the top takes about four minutes, and the descent takes three minutes.
At the top, visitors can explore the observation deck, which features small windows on both sides of the arch. On a clear day, the view stretches up to 30 miles, offering a breathtaking perspective of the city and its surroundings.
The Gateway Arch Museum
Located at the base of The Gateway Arch, the Gateway Arch Museum offers a fascinating look at the history of St. Louis and the United States’ westward expansion. The museum is divided into several galleries, each exploring a different aspect of American history, from the early explorers and pioneers to the construction of The Gateway Arch itself.
Key Exhibits:
- Colonial St. Louis: This gallery explores the early history of St. Louis, including its founding by French settlers and its role as a major trading post on the Mississippi River.
- Jefferson’s Vision: Learn about President Thomas Jefferson’s vision for westward expansion and the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States.
- Manifest Destiny: This exhibit delves into the concept of Manifest Destiny and the belief that Americans were destined to expand across the continent.
- Building The Gateway Arch: Discover the story behind the design and construction of The Gateway Arch, including the challenges faced by the engineers and builders.
The Old Courthouse
The Old Courthouse, located near The Gateway Arch, is another important historical site of the Gateway Arch National Park. The courthouse played a significant role in the history of the United States, as it was the site of the Dred Scott case, a pivotal moment in the fight for civil rights and the abolition of slavery.
Visitors to the Old Courthouse can explore the beautifully restored courtrooms, where significant legal battles took place, and learn about the history of the American judicial system. The courthouse also offers exhibits on the history of St. Louis and its role in the westward expansion.
Riverboat Cruises
Consider taking a riverboat cruise on the Mississippi River for a different perspective on The Gateway Arch. The riverboats, replicas of the 19th-century paddlewheelers, offer narrated tours that provide insight into the history of St. Louis, the Mississippi River, and The Gateway Arch. The cruises provide stunning views of the arch from the water, making it a perfect photo opportunity.
Cruises are available year-round, with special-themed cruises offered during certain times, such as dinner and holiday-themed cruises.
The Arch Grounds and Park
The area surrounding The Gateway Arch has been beautifully landscaped to create a serene park that offers a peaceful retreat in the city’s heart. The Gateway Arch National Park, formerly the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, covers 91 acres and includes walking paths, gardens, and open green spaces.
Visitors can stroll through the park, enjoy a picnic on the grounds, or relax while taking in the stunning view of The Gateway Arch. The park is also home to several monuments and memorials, including the statue of Thomas Jefferson, which honors his role in the westward expansion of the United States.
Practical Information for Visiting The Gateway Arch
How to Get There
The Gateway Arch is located in downtown St. Louis, making it easily accessible by car, public transportation, or on foot. If you’re driving, several parking garages and lots are located near the arch. The nearest MetroLink station is the Laclede’s Landing Station, just a short walk from The Gateway Arch.
Ticketing and Admission
Tickets for The Gateway Arch can be purchased online or at the Gateway Arch Ticket Center in the Gateway Arch Museum. Buying tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons, is recommended to secure your preferred time for the tram ride to the top.
Ticket Options:
- Tram Ride to the Top: Includes access to the observation deck at the top of the arch.
- Gateway Arch Museum: Admission to the museum is free, but certain special exhibits or films may require an additional fee.
- Combination Tickets: Packages that include the tram ride, museum exhibits, and riverboat cruise are also available for those who want to experience multiple attractions.
Best Time to Visit
The Best Time To Visit The Gateway Arch is during the spring and fall when the weather is mild and the crowds are smaller. Summer is the peak tourist season, so if you plan to visit during this time, be prepared for larger crowds and longer wait times. Winter offers a quieter experience, but check the weather, as St. Louis can experience cold temperatures and occasional snow.
For the best views from the observation deck, visit on a clear day with high visibility. Early morning or late afternoon visits are ideal for avoiding the crowds and enjoying the sunrise or sunset over the city.
Accessibility
The Gateway Arch is committed to providing an accessible experience for all visitors. The tram system is equipped with accessibility features, and the museum and park are wheelchair accessible. Visitors with mobility challenges are encouraged to contact the Gateway Arch Visitor Center in advance to discuss any specific needs.
Dining and Shopping
After you visit The Gateway Arch, consider exploring the nearby restaurants and shops in downtown St. Louis. The Gateway Arch Café, located in the Gateway Arch Museum, offers a selection of snacks, beverages, and light meals. The Arch Store, also located in the museum, features a variety of souvenirs, including books, apparel, and memorabilia related to The Gateway Arch.
Nearby Attractions
The Gateway Arch is centrally located, making exploring other attractions in St. Louis easy. Some nearby points of interest include:
- Busch Stadium: Home of the St. Louis Cardinals, a must-visit for baseball fans.
- City Museum: A unique and interactive museum that offers fun for all ages.
- Forest Park: One of the largest urban parks in the United States, featuring the St. Louis Zoo, the Missouri History Museum, and the St. Louis Art Museum.
Conclusion
The Gateway Arch is more than just a monument; it symbolizes American history, innovation, and the spirit of exploration. Whether you’re taking in the views from the observation deck, exploring the museum exhibits, or enjoying a riverboat cruise, visiting The Gateway Arch is an unforgettable experience. This iconic landmark offers something for everyone, making it a must-visit destination in St. Louis.
Table of Summary
Attraction | Description | Highlights |
Tram Ride to the Top | Ascend to the observation deck for panoramic views | Unique tram experience, 630 feet high, stunning city views |
Gateway Arch Museum | Explore the history of St. Louis and westward expansion | Colonial St. Louis, Jefferson’s Vision, Building The Gateway Arch |
Old Courthouse | Historic site of the Dred Scott case | Restored courtrooms, exhibits on civil rights and legal history |
Riverboat Cruises | Narrated tours on the Mississippi River | Views of the arch from the water, themed cruises available |
The Arch Grounds and Park | The landscaped park surrounding The Gateway Arch | Walking paths, gardens, open spaces, peaceful retreat |
The Gateway Arch FAQ
How long does the tram ride to the top of The Gateway Arch take?
The tram ride to the top of The Gateway Arch takes approximately 4 minutes to ascend and 3 minutes to descend. Once at the top, you can spend as much time as you like enjoying the panoramic views from the observation deck before taking the tram back down.
Is The Gateway Arch accessible for visitors with disabilities?
Yes, The Gateway Arch is accessible to visitors with disabilities. The museum, visitor center, and park grounds are wheelchair accessible. While the tram ride to the top may not be fully accessible for all mobility devices, the museum offers a virtual tour for those unable to make the ascent. Additionally, the staff is available to assist visitors with any specific needs.
Are there dining options near The Gateway Arch?
Yes, there are several dining options near The Gateway Arch. The surrounding area in downtown St. Louis offers a variety of restaurants, cafes, and food trucks that cater to different tastes and budgets. Whether you’re looking for a quick bite or a sit-down meal, you’ll find plenty of options within walking distance of the arch.